Walking the grasslands of Inner Mongolia, China

A beautiful, green city in GuangDong province, close to GuangZhou and Hong Kong. A 15 minute drive around ShenZhen with dash-cam A timelapse film of ShenZhen, GuangZhou and Hong Kong A comprehensive guide to ShenZhen

The Hakka Tulou are unique, fortress-like buildings located in the mountainous areas of Fujian Province. These large, circular or rectangular earthen structures were built by the Hakka people, an ethnic group known for their migratory history. The Tulou are notable for their communal living spaces, defensive features, and remarkable architectural design. Who are the Hakka People? The Hakka are a subgroup of the Han Chinese, known for their migratory history and resilience. Originating from northern China, the Hakka migrated southwards over several centuries, settling in the mountainous regions of southern China. The name "Hakka" means "guest people," reflecting their history of migration and settlement in new areas. Hakka culture places a strong emphasis on education, family unity, and community cooperation. Despite facing hardships and displacement, the Hakka have maintained their unique cultural identity and traditions. Historical and Cultural Background Origins and History The construction of Tulou began during the Song Dynasty (960-1279) and continued through the Ming (1368-1644) and Qing (1644-1912) Dynasties. These buildings were designed to provide protection and communal living for large families or clans, often housing up to 80 families in a single Tulou. Cultural Significance The Tulou reflect the Hakka people's need for security and their communal lifestyle. The buildings are designed to be self-sufficient, with living quarters, storage areas, and defensive structures all incorporated into the design. The Hakka culture values family unity, and the Tulou are a physical manifestation of this principle. Architectural Features Design and Structure Tulou are typically large, multi-storied structures built with thick earthen walls that provide insulation and protection. The outer walls are made from rammed earth, mixed with stone, bamboo, and wood, making them extremely durable. The interiors are organized around a central courtyard, with rooms for living, storage, and communal activities. Defensive Capabilities The design of the Tulou includes defensive features such as narrow windows and a single, reinforced entrance. These elements were intended to protect the inhabitants from bandits and wild animals. The circular shape of many Tulou also allows for effective communication and defense within the building. Communal and Social Aspects Living Arrangements The Tulou were built to house entire clans, with each family having its own designated area within the structure. The central courtyard served as a communal space for social activities, celebrations, and meetings. This layout fostered a strong sense of community and cooperation among the inhabitants. Self-Sufficiency The Tulou were designed to be self-sufficient, with areas designated for food storage, livestock, and agricultural activities. This self-sufficiency was essential, as the Tulou were often located in remote, mountainous areas where resources needed to be carefully managed. UNESCO World Heritage Status Recognition In 2008, several Fujian Tulou were inscribed as UNESCO World Heritage Sites. This recognition highlights their architectural uniqueness, cultural significance, and historical importance. The Tulou are considered outstanding examples of communal living and defensive architecture. Conservation Efforts Efforts to preserve the Tulou focus on maintaining the traditional construction techniques and protecting the buildings from modern threats such as tourism pressure and environmental degradation. These efforts aim to ensure that the Tulou remain a living part of Hakka culture. Conclusion The Hakka Tulou are extraordinary structures that embody the resilience, ingenuity, and communal spirit of the Hakka people. These architectural marvels continue to stand as a testament to the Hakka's ability to adapt and thrive in challenging environments. As both historical treasures and vibrant communities, the Tulou attract visitors from around the world, offering a glimpse into a unique way of life. With How To Do? In China ...

1. Shanghai pavilion 2. State Grid (light show) 3. Russia 4. Asia and Americas 5. Europe 6. Europe and Africa 7. Human Footprint (history and ecology) 8. Food Street 9,10,11 Dance and music (including Tunisia, XinJiang and Inner Mongolia) 12. China pavilion and overview

Speaking up for the voiceless. With ChristianMalaza (Christian Malazarte), Judge Napolitano and many other true humanitarians ... Bonus film - The Propaganda War, with the late investigative journalist John Pilger ...

Sometimes, 100%. With The New Atlas ... Bonus film - UK outcasts half of the world's COVID vaccinated ...

The hike to Tai Long Wan (Big Wave Bay). A beautiful place on the east coast of the Sai Kung Peninsula; a large bay with white sand beaches and seas of tropical blue or turquoise, flanked by rugged headlands and backed by green fields beyond which rise some impressive hills. The main route follows a stretch of Maclehose Trail, up and over the ridge from Chek Keng - which you can walk to from a bus stop at Pak Tam Au. Scenes from the video : This area is within the New Territories (often abbreviated as N.T.), one of the three main regions of Hong Kong, alongside Hong Kong Island and the Kowloon peninsula; it comprises over 85% of Hong Kong's land area (nearly 1,000 square kilometers). Guided walks in Hong Kong : http://www.walkhongkong.com See also: http://www.hkoutdoors.com/new-territories/tai-long-wan-sai-kung.html

With Walk East ... XiJiang QianHu, Miao village ... 'Little ShangHai' ...

With CGTN ...