The Terracotta Warriors 兵马俑 of the Qin dynasty

The Oriental Pearl Tower lies in PuDong, next to the HuangPu River and on the opposite side of the river from the Bund.

With Graeme Langford ... Ancient Silk Road Travel Guide Introduction The ancient Silk Road was a network of trade routes connecting the East and West, stretching from China to the Mediterranean Sea. It played a crucial role in cultural, commercial, and technological exchange between civilizations. This guide will help you explore the key destinations along the Silk Road, providing insights into historical sites, cultural experiences, and practical travel information. Key Destinations Xi'an, China (西安) Xi'an, the starting point of the Silk Road, is home to the famous Terracotta Army and the ancient city walls. Don't miss the Big Wild Goose Pagoda and the bustling Muslim Quarter. Dunhuang, China (敦煌) Dunhuang is known for the Mogao Caves, a treasure trove of Buddhist art. The Singing Sand Dunes and Crescent Lake are also must-see attractions. Kashgar, China (喀什) Kashgar is a melting pot of cultures, with its lively Sunday Bazaar and the Id Kah Mosque. The ancient city is a gateway to the western regions of the Silk Road. Bukhara, Uzbekistan (布哈拉) Bukhara is a UNESCO World Heritage site with over 140 architectural monuments, including the Ark Fortress, Bolo Haouz Mosque, and Lyab-i Hauz complex. Samarkand, Uzbekistan (撒马尔罕) Samarkand is one of the oldest cities in Central Asia, known for its stunning Registan Square, Shah-i-Zinda necropolis, and Bibi-Khanym Mosque. Merv, Turkmenistan (梅尔夫) Merv was once one of the largest cities in the world. Today, it is an archaeological site with impressive ruins, including the Sultan Sanjar Mausoleum and the Great Kyz Kala fortress. Tehran, Iran (德黑兰) Tehran, the capital of Iran, offers a mix of modernity and tradition. Key sites include the Golestan Palace, National Museum of Iran, and the bustling Grand Bazaar. Antioch, Turkey (安提阿) Antioch, now called Antakya, was an important center of early Christianity. The Hatay Archaeology Museum and St. Peter's Cave Church are highlights. Constantinople, Turkey (君士坦丁堡) Now Istanbul, this city was the terminus of the Silk Road. Visit the Hagia Sophia, Topkapi Palace, and the bustling Grand Bazaar to experience its rich history. Cultural Experiences Traditional Markets: Explore the vibrant markets along the Silk Road, such as the Kashgar Sunday Bazaar and Istanbul's Grand Bazaar, for a taste of local commerce and culture. Silk Weaving: Witness traditional silk weaving techniques in Xi'an, China, and Samarkand, Uzbekistan. These cities have been centers of silk production for centuries. Cuisine: Sample diverse culinary traditions, from Chinese dumplings and Uzbek plov to Persian kebabs and Turkish delights. The Silk Road has left a rich gastronomic legacy. Music and Dance: Enjoy traditional music and dance performances in various Silk Road cities. Each region has its unique cultural expressions, influenced by centuries of exchange. Historical Tours: Take guided tours of ancient ruins, mosques, and palaces to learn about the history and significance of the Silk Road. Knowledgeable guides can provide valuable insights. Practical Travel Information Best Time to Visit: The best time to explore the Silk Road is during the spring (April to June) and autumn (September to November) when the weather is mild and comfortable. Visas and Permits: Ensure you have the necessary visas and permits for each country along the Silk Road. Check with local embassies or consulates for up-to-date requirements. Transportation: Travel options include flights, trains, buses, and private tours. The Silk Road is well-connected, but some remote areas may require special arrangements. Accommodation: Accommodation ranges from luxury hotels to budget hostels and guesthouses. Booking in advance is recommended, especially during peak travel seasons. Health and Safety: Stay informed about health and safety precautions in each region. Carry a basic first-aid kit, stay hydrated, and respect local customs and regulations. Local Currency: Familiarize yourself with the local currencies and exchange rates. Carry some cash, but credit cards are also widely accepted in major cities. Conclusion The ancient Silk Road is a fascinating journey through history, culture, and breathtaking landscapes. From the bustling markets of Xi'an to the majestic ruins of Samarkand, each destination offers unique experiences and insights into the rich heritage of the Silk Road. Use this guide to plan your adventure and explore the wonders of this legendary trade route. Whether you're a history buff, a cultural enthusiast, or an intrepid traveler, the Silk Road promises an unforgettable journey. History of the Silk Road Introduction The Silk Road was an ancient network of trade routes that connected the East and West, facilitating not only commerce but also cultural exchange between civilizations. This guide delves into the history of the Silk Road, focusing on the trade of silk, horses, and tea, the travels of Marco Polo, and how the Silk Road ultimately influenced sea exploration and colonization. Trade on the Silk Road Silk Trade Silk, a luxurious fabric produced from the cocoon of the silkworm, was the most iconic commodity traded on the Silk Road. Originating in China during the Han Dynasty, silk quickly became a highly prized item in the West. Its light weight, ease of transport, and high value made it a staple of Silk Road commerce. The demand for silk spurred trade relations and cultural exchanges between the East and West, spreading Chinese inventions such as paper and gunpowder along the way. Horses Horses were another crucial trade item, especially prized by the Chinese for their military and agricultural utility. The Fergana horses, known for their strength and endurance, were particularly sought after. These horses, traded primarily with Central Asian tribes, significantly improved the cavalry capabilities of Chinese armies and facilitated the movement of goods along the Silk Road. Tea Trade Tea, originating from China, became a major export commodity during the Tang Dynasty. It was highly valued for its medicinal properties and became a popular beverage in Central Asia and beyond. The trade of tea along the Silk Road helped to establish cultural connections and the spread of tea culture to places such as Japan and the Middle East. The Travels of Marco Polo Marco Polo, the Venetian explorer, traveled the Silk Road in the 13th century. His journey began in 1271, when he accompanied his father and uncle on a voyage to Asia, eventually reaching the court of Kublai Khan, the Mongol ruler. Marco Polo spent 17 years in China, documenting his experiences in his book "The Travels of Marco Polo." His detailed accounts of the wealth, culture, and innovations of the East provided Europeans with one of the first comprehensive insights into Asian civilizations and spurred interest in exploration and trade. Impact on Sea Exploration and Colonization The Silk Road's decline in the 15th century, due in part to the rise of maritime trade routes, marked a shift in global commerce. European powers, motivated by the wealth and tales from the Silk Road, sought direct sea routes to Asia to bypass intermediaries and gain control over lucrative trade. This led to the Age of Exploration, during which explorers like Vasco da Gama and Christopher Columbus set out to discover new trade routes and lands. Portugal and Spain were at the forefront of this maritime expansion. Vasco da Gama's successful voyage to India in 1498 opened up a direct sea route from Europe to Asia, leading to increased trade and the establishment of colonial empires. Columbus's voyages, sponsored by Spain, led to the discovery of the Americas in 1492, further expanding European influence and colonization efforts. The maritime Silk Road, established by these explorers, connected Europe, Africa, and Asia, facilitating the exchange of goods, ideas, and cultures on an unprecedented scale. This era of sea exploration and colonization transformed global trade networks and laid the foundations for the modern world economy. Conclusion The Silk Road was more than just a trade route; it was a conduit for cultural, technological, and intellectual exchange that shaped the ancient world. From the trade of silk, horses, and tea to the travels of Marco Polo, the Silk Road's legacy is profound. Its influence on sea exploration and colonization further underscores its importance in global history. Exploring the history of the Silk Road offers a deeper understanding of the interconnectedness of human civilizations and the enduring impact of ancient trade routes.

Don't miss it ! A musician at one with the music. Wei wu wei - no effort (no separation) - literally, action without action. First kiss - the one you'll never forget ... Cover - John Petrucci. Bonus film - Asian shredding - a jam with Li-sa-X from Japan - "Little Wings" ...

A documentary series by RT. Text by RT. The Ancient Silk Road was a trade route that began in China in the 2nd century BC and, for more than 1700 years, linked Europe and Asia. As well as goods, it facilitated a cultural exchange between the continents, knowledge, religion, art, philosophy and tradition all passed back and forth between distant nations. Modern China now has the strongest economy in Asia and is a major world power. This series examines the enduring influence of the Silk Road in making the nation what it is today and how its legacy still thrives in China. PART ONE From the 2nd century BC onwards, the great Silk Road was a vital trade route that provided a link between Eurasian countries. It began during China’s Han dynasty and eventually stretched all the way to Rome. Throughout its 17 centuries of existence, it played a crucial role in enabling cultural interaction between nations and peoples all over the continents. As well as establishing economic ties, it also facilitated the exchange between countries of knowledge, religious practice, architectural styles, art, philosophy and traditions. Modern Chinese culture has been heavily influenced by centuries of trade with neighbouring countries. Today, there are still sites in China that preserve the history of the Silk Road and the country’s role in it. Tang West Market Museum in the city of Xi'an marks the ancient starting point of the Silk Road and displays relics unearthed from what used to be a major centre for international trade. The Silk Route Museum in the city of Jiuquan celebrates the first ever customs checkpoint in history. This city served as an outpost on China’s border with unforgiving and perilous nomadic lands. Meanwhile, a network of grottos called the Mogao Caves bears witness to Buddhism arriving and thriving in China. Today, China remains true to the well-established tradition of cultural exchange with its neighbours. 2016-2017 are dedicated to furthering Russo-Chinese relations and bilateral media ties. The history of collaboration between the two countries dates back as far as 400 years, when religious missionaries crossed the borders to introduce the other side to their homeland’s rich cultural practices. PART TWO China is developing a unique blend of socialism and capitalism. The state-owned sector dominates but there has been a sudden surge in privately owned businesses operating in a new market economy. The two systems coexist in apparent harmony despite the seemingly contradictory ideologies of capitalism and communism. Private businesses began to appear after the country’s economic reforms of the late 1970s, ushered in by then premier, Deng Xiaoping. The emergence of private entrepreneurship led to rapid economic development for China. The country is still among the world’s fastest growing economies and is often the first to tap into new markets. To further expand its regional economic influence, China has launched a programme to revive the famous old Silk Road. They are confident that the route will develop new international markets and forge new business alliances. The multifaceted programme involves improving road infrastructure and modernising key cities along the ancient Silk trading route. They are also creating more favourable conditions for business with incentives like company tax breaks and duty-free towns near the borders with neighbouring countries. The project has been dubbed the ‘One Belt, One Road initiative’, and involves cooperation with more than 60, mostly neighbouring countries, with Russia among the major partners. RTD examines examples of Sino-Russian cooperation carried out under the ‘One Belt, One Road’ umbrella, including large-scale government projects and private trade deals with Russian customers. PART THREE - The Ancient Silk Road was a major trade route that linked Europe and Asia between the 2nd century BC and the late 16th AD. - Modern China is a rapidly growing economy. “One Belt, One Road” is an initiative to revive the Silk Road to help the country play a bigger role in global affairs. - Ancient towns that were once key outposts on the Silk Road are undergoing rapid growth both economically and in infrastructure as they are to reprise their roles as major trading waypoints along the route - Citizens now enjoy new business opportunities and contribute further to developing their cities In its heyday, the ancient Silk Road was Eurasia’s most important trade route, connecting two rich continents to facilitate trade and cultural exchange. Modern-day China has seen near constant economic growth. It boasts of several record figures, including the highest number of skyscrapers and the longest railroads. Five years ago, the government announced a new plan, “One Belt, One Road”, an initiative to revive the Silk Road. The strategy seeks to help China play a bigger role in global affairs through developing an infrastructure that will unite the countries of the two continents under a cohesive economic area. Many ancient Chinese cities that were once outposts along the Silk Road, desert oases or transport hubs are now rapidly transforming themselves into megacities, so that they can, once again, service and profit from the trade route. New businesses are opening, facilitated by the development of a reliable transport system, which in turn brings greater tourist flow. Some cities are also grated the status of special economic area, offering attractive tax incentives to foreign investors. We visit two very different cities; Lanchjou and Urumchi, united by the Silk Road’s history. Both are experiencing rapid development. We meet businessmen who tell us how it feels to watch their home towns transform into economically and politically significant conurbations and how it inspires them to aim for international markets and seek new outlets for their businesses to grow.

With The New Atlas ... Bonus films ...

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With China Walking Tour ... FengHuang Ancient Water Town Visitor Guide Fenghuang Ancient Town, located in western Hunan Province, is one of China's most well-preserved ancient towns, known for its picturesque riverside setting, traditional wooden houses, and rich cultural heritage. This guide will help you explore the town’s unique charm and provide practical information to ensure a memorable visit. Overview of Fenghuang Ancient Town History & Culture: Fenghuang, meaning "Phoenix," was built in the Ming Dynasty (around 1704) and is a stunning example of traditional Chinese architecture and riverside living. The town is home to the Miao and Tujia ethnic minorities, whose distinct customs, folk art, and architecture add a rich cultural layer to the town's charm. Strolling along the banks of the Tuojiang River, you’ll be surrounded by ancient stilted houses (diaojiaolou), stone-paved streets, and peaceful bridges that seem frozen in time. Why Visit: With its well-preserved historical architecture, vibrant local culture, and scenic river views, Fenghuang is a must-visit destination for those interested in Chinese history, culture, and photography. Visitors can enjoy riverboat rides, explore narrow alleyways, and visit local shops selling traditional crafts. Key Attractions in Fenghuang Tuojiang River The lifeblood of Fenghuang, the Tuojiang River runs through the heart of the town. Stroll along its banks, take a boat ride, or photograph the iconic wooden houses perched on stilts over the water. The river comes alive at night, with beautifully illuminated buildings reflecting on the water. Diaojiaolou (Stilt Houses) The stilted wooden houses that line the Tuojiang River are some of Fenghuang's most recognizable architectural features. These traditional houses, built by the Miao people, offer a glimpse into the area's ancient construction techniques and local way of life. Many of these houses are now home to cafes, guesthouses, and shops. Hongqiao Wind and Rain Bridge One of the most famous landmarks in Fenghuang, the Hongqiao Bridge is a beautiful covered bridge with traditional Chinese architecture. It serves as both a pedestrian passage and a scenic spot for photographs. Inside, the bridge hosts shops selling local crafts and snacks. East Gate Tower The East Gate Tower (Dongmen Tower) was originally built as part of the town's fortifications during the Ming Dynasty. This well-preserved tower offers great views of the ancient town and the river. A walk through the gates is a step back into the town’s historical past. Miao Ethnic Museum This museum provides an in-depth look at the culture, history, and lifestyle of the Miao ethnic group, which is native to the Fenghuang area. It is an excellent stop for those interested in learning more about the rich cultural traditions of the region, including their festivals, clothing, and traditional crafts. Travel Tip: While the daytime charm of Fenghuang is undeniable, the town is especially magical at night, when the lights illuminate the riverside buildings and bridges, creating a serene atmosphere for evening strolls. Practical Travel Information for Fenghuang When to Visit The best time to visit Fenghuang Ancient Town is during the spring (April-May) and autumn (September-October) seasons, when the weather is pleasant, and the crowds are more manageable. Summer can be hot and humid, while winter, though quieter, can be quite cold, especially in the mornings and evenings. Getting to Fenghuang By Air: The nearest airport is Tongren Fenghuang Airport, which is about 30 kilometers from the town. From the airport, travelers can take a bus or taxi to reach Fenghuang. Alternatively, visitors can fly into Zhangjiajie or Changsha and take a bus or train to the town, though this will involve a longer journey. By Train: Fenghuang does not have a train station, but the nearest train station is Jishou Railway Station, about 50 kilometers away. From there, travelers can take a bus or taxi to Fenghuang, which takes about an hour. By Bus: Regular buses run from nearby cities such as Zhangjiajie, Jishou, and Changsha. The bus journey from Zhangjiajie to Fenghuang takes approximately 4 hours, while it is around 6 hours from Changsha. Accommodation Fenghuang offers a wide range of accommodation options, from budget guesthouses to boutique hotels. Many of the traditional stilt houses along the river have been converted into guesthouses, offering a unique stay with scenic river views. For those seeking more comfort, hotels in the town center provide modern amenities. It’s recommended to book in advance during peak travel seasons. Cultural Sensitivity As Fenghuang is home to ethnic minorities such as the Miao and Tujia, visitors should be mindful of local customs. When visiting minority villages or interacting with locals, it's important to respect their traditions and dress modestly. Always ask for permission before taking photographs of local people, especially in more rural areas. Language Mandarin is the official language, but many locals also speak the Miao language. English is not widely spoken, so it's useful to have a translation app or learn a few basic Mandarin phrases to make communication easier. Local Cuisine Fenghuang’s cuisine reflects the flavors of Hunan Province, known for its spicy dishes. Be sure to try the local specialties, such as sour fish soup (suantang yu), Miao-style grilled fish, and pickled vegetables. There are also numerous street food vendors offering local snacks like glutinous rice cakes and fried tofu. Travel Tip: Fenghuang can be quite crowded during Chinese public holidays, especially the National Day Golden Week in October. Plan your visit outside these peak periods for a more peaceful experience. Suggested Itinerary for Exploring Fenghuang Day 1: Arrive in Fenghuang, check in to your riverside guesthouse, and take an evening stroll along the Tuojiang River to enjoy the illuminated scenery. Day 2: Visit the Hongqiao Wind and Rain Bridge, explore the East Gate Tower, and take a riverboat ride along the Tuojiang River. In the afternoon, wander through the ancient alleyways and visit the Miao Ethnic Museum. Day 3: Explore the surrounding countryside by visiting nearby Miao or Tujia villages, where you can learn more about their traditional crafts and culture. Return to Fenghuang in the evening for dinner and a relaxed evening by the river.

Directed by, co-written by, and starring Jay Chou. With Gwei Lun-Mei, Anthony Wong and Alice Tzeng. Filmed in Taiwan; released 2007. We cannot tell what happens. But don't miss it ... As in life. Better late than never. The secret is right there, if one has open eyes, and an open heart.