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The Hakka Tulou are unique, fortress-like buildings located in the mountainous areas of Fujian Province. These large, circular or rectangular earthen structures were built by the Hakka people, an ethnic group known for their migratory history. The Tulou are notable for their communal living spaces, defensive features, and remarkable architectural design. Who are the Hakka People? The Hakka are a subgroup of the Han Chinese, known for their migratory history and resilience. Originating from northern China, the Hakka migrated southwards over several centuries, settling in the mountainous regions of southern China. The name "Hakka" means "guest people," reflecting their history of migration and settlement in new areas. Hakka culture places a strong emphasis on education, family unity, and community cooperation. Despite facing hardships and displacement, the Hakka have maintained their unique cultural identity and traditions. Historical and Cultural Background Origins and History The construction of Tulou began during the Song Dynasty (960-1279) and continued through the Ming (1368-1644) and Qing (1644-1912) Dynasties. These buildings were designed to provide protection and communal living for large families or clans, often housing up to 80 families in a single Tulou. Cultural Significance The Tulou reflect the Hakka people's need for security and their communal lifestyle. The buildings are designed to be self-sufficient, with living quarters, storage areas, and defensive structures all incorporated into the design. The Hakka culture values family unity, and the Tulou are a physical manifestation of this principle. Architectural Features Design and Structure Tulou are typically large, multi-storied structures built with thick earthen walls that provide insulation and protection. The outer walls are made from rammed earth, mixed with stone, bamboo, and wood, making them extremely durable. The interiors are organized around a central courtyard, with rooms for living, storage, and communal activities. Defensive Capabilities The design of the Tulou includes defensive features such as narrow windows and a single, reinforced entrance. These elements were intended to protect the inhabitants from bandits and wild animals. The circular shape of many Tulou also allows for effective communication and defense within the building. Communal and Social Aspects Living Arrangements The Tulou were built to house entire clans, with each family having its own designated area within the structure. The central courtyard served as a communal space for social activities, celebrations, and meetings. This layout fostered a strong sense of community and cooperation among the inhabitants. Self-Sufficiency The Tulou were designed to be self-sufficient, with areas designated for food storage, livestock, and agricultural activities. This self-sufficiency was essential, as the Tulou were often located in remote, mountainous areas where resources needed to be carefully managed. UNESCO World Heritage Status Recognition In 2008, several Fujian Tulou were inscribed as UNESCO World Heritage Sites. This recognition highlights their architectural uniqueness, cultural significance, and historical importance. The Tulou are considered outstanding examples of communal living and defensive architecture. Conservation Efforts Efforts to preserve the Tulou focus on maintaining the traditional construction techniques and protecting the buildings from modern threats such as tourism pressure and environmental degradation. These efforts aim to ensure that the Tulou remain a living part of Hakka culture. Conclusion The Hakka Tulou are extraordinary structures that embody the resilience, ingenuity, and communal spirit of the Hakka people. These architectural marvels continue to stand as a testament to the Hakka's ability to adapt and thrive in challenging environments. As both historical treasures and vibrant communities, the Tulou attract visitors from around the world, offering a glimpse into a unique way of life. With How To Do? In China ...

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With Walk East ... HeXi CBD visitor guide - NanJing Overview The Hexi Central Business District (Hexi CBD) is a modern and dynamic area located in the JianYe District of NanJing, China. Known for its impressive skyscrapers, luxury shopping malls, and vibrant business environment, Hexi CBD is a major commercial hub and a popular destination for both business and leisure visitors. Getting There Location: JianYe District, NanJing, JiangSu Province, China. Public Transport: By Metro: Take Metro Line 1 or Line 2 and get off at Yuantong Station, which is centrally located in Hexi CBD. By Bus: Numerous bus lines serve the Hexi CBD area. Key stops include the Yuantong Station and NanJing International Expo Center. By Taxi: Taxis are readily available throughout NanJing and can take you directly to Hexi CBD. Main Attractions Hexi CBD offers a variety of attractions and points of interest: NanJing International Expo Center: A major venue for exhibitions, conferences, and events, attracting visitors from around the world. JianYe Wanda Plaza: A large shopping complex offering a mix of high-end retail stores, dining options, and entertainment facilities. Eco-Tech Island: A scenic area with green spaces, walking paths, and eco-friendly initiatives, perfect for a leisurely stroll or relaxation. NanJing Olympic Sports Center: A state-of-the-art sports complex hosting various sports events and concerts. Hexi Central Park: A beautiful park offering a tranquil environment with gardens, lakes, and recreational facilities. Shopping and Dining Hexi CBD is a paradise for shopping and dining enthusiasts: Luxury Shopping: High-end shopping malls like Deji Plaza and JiMao Shopping Mall offer luxury brands and designer boutiques. Local Cuisine: Experience authentic JiangSu cuisine at renowned restaurants and local eateries. International Dining: The area features a wide range of international restaurants offering diverse cuisines from around the world. Cafes and Bars: Numerous cafes and bars provide a perfect spot to relax, enjoy a drink, and socialize. Business and Accommodation Hexi CBD is a key business district with excellent facilities and accommodation options: Business Centers: Modern office buildings and business centers host numerous multinational companies and enterprises. Hotels: Luxury hotels such as the Jinling Riverside Hotel and Hilton NanJing offer top-notch accommodation and amenities for business travelers. Conference Facilities: State-of-the-art conference and meeting facilities are available for business events and meetings. Activities Visitors can engage in a variety of activities in Hexi CBD: Shopping: Explore the numerous shopping malls and boutique stores. Dining: Enjoy a meal at one of the many restaurants offering a wide range of cuisines. Relaxing in Parks: Spend time in the green spaces and parks for a peaceful retreat. Attending Events: Participate in exhibitions, conferences, and sports events held at the various venues. Exploring Nightlife: Experience the vibrant nightlife with bars, clubs, and entertainment options. Visitor Tips Best Time to Visit: Spring and autumn are the best times to visit due to the pleasant weather. Wear Comfortable Shoes: The area is large and involves a lot of walking, so comfortable shoes are recommended. Plan Ahead: Check the schedule for events and exhibitions to make the most of your visit. Stay Connected: Free Wi-Fi is available in most public areas and shopping malls. Respect Local Customs: Be mindful of local customs and etiquette, especially in business settings. Nearby Attractions FuZi Miao (Confucius Temple): A historic site offering cultural insights and traditional architecture, located a short distance from Hexi CBD. XuanWu Lake: A scenic lake surrounded by parks, ideal for boating and leisurely walks. NanJing Museum: One of China's leading museums, showcasing extensive collections of historical and cultural artifacts. Conclusion The Hexi CBD in NanJing is a vibrant and modern district offering a mix of business, shopping, dining, and entertainment experiences. Whether you're a business traveler, a shopper, or simply looking to explore a dynamic urban area, Hexi CBD provides an exciting and memorable experience.

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