Geopolitics update, August 2024 (4)

The cherry blossoms in PingBa, GuiZhou ...

5th March 2023. To mark the 125th anniversary of the birth of Zhou EnLai - one of the top leaders of the Chinese Revolution, and Premier of People's China from 1949 until his death in 1976 - we conducted an extensive interview with Professor Ken Hammond about Zhou's life and legacy. The interview covers Zhou EnLai's formation as a revolutionary; his role in the early years of the Chinese Revolution in the 1920s; his working relationship with Mao Zedong; his contribution to Marxist understanding of socialist foreign policy; his role in establishing links of solidarity between China and Africa; his role in the negotiations with Henry Kissinger and Richard Nixon that brought about the start of a rapprochement between the US and China; his experiences in the Cultural Revolution; and his lasting legacy, both in China and globally. Ken Hammond is a professor of East Asian and Global History at New Mexico State University, founding director of the Confucius Institute at New Mexico State University, and an activist with Pivot to Peace. He’s also a member of the Friends of Socialist China advisory group, and is working on a biography of Zhou EnLai. He is interviewed by our co-editor Carlos Martinez.

With CGTN / Travelogue ... The eight surrounding temples - with Beijing Old Liu ... With Silver Walks ... ChengDe visitor guide Overview ChengDe, located in HeBei province, is home to China's ancient royal summer retreat, known as the ChengDe Mountain Resort. This UNESCO World Heritage Site is a historical complex of palaces, gardens, and temples used by the Qing dynasty emperors as a summer escape. The resort, surrounded by beautiful natural landscapes, showcases the grandeur and elegance of Chinese imperial architecture. History Construction of the ChengDe Mountain Resort began in 1703 under the reign of Emperor Kangxi of the Qing dynasty and took nearly 90 years to complete. The resort served as a summer residence for Qing emperors, providing a cooler climate and a peaceful retreat from the summer heat of Beijing. It also served as a political center for managing affairs with ethnic minorities and foreign dignitaries. Main Attractions Rehe Palace The Rehe Palace is the central area of the ChengDe Mountain Resort, where the emperors conducted state affairs and received guests. The palace complex includes several halls and pavilions, each with its unique architectural features and historical significance. Lake Area The lake area of the resort is a serene and picturesque section featuring a series of interconnected lakes and islands. The lakes are surrounded by pavilions, bridges, and gardens, offering stunning views and a peaceful ambiance. Plain Area The plain area is an expansive open space designed to mimic the landscapes of the northern grasslands. It includes grazing areas, hunting grounds, and fields used for archery and other activities. The area reflects the Qing emperors' admiration for the vast, open plains of their Manchu heritage. Temple of Universal Peace (PuNing Temple) The Temple of Universal Peace, also known as PuNing Temple, is one of the Eight Outer Temples built around the ChengDe Mountain Resort. The temple is famous for its large wooden statue of Avalokitesvara (Guanyin) and its beautiful architectural blend of Han and Tibetan styles. Temple of Putuo Zongcheng The Temple of Putuo Zongcheng, inspired by the Potala Palace in Tibet, is another significant temple near the resort. It was built to celebrate the emperor's birthday and to strengthen ties with Tibetan Buddhism. The temple complex is an impressive display of Tibetan-style architecture. Culture and Traditions ChengDe Mountain Resort and its surrounding temples are a testament to the Qing dynasty's cultural and religious diversity. The site reflects the harmonious coexistence of Han Chinese, Tibetan, Mongolian, and other ethnic traditions. Visitors can witness traditional Chinese architecture, Tibetan Buddhist art, and Mongolian cultural elements, all within the resort complex. Activities and Experiences Guided Tours Consider joining a guided tour to explore the ChengDe Mountain Resort and its temples. Knowledgeable guides provide insights into the history, architecture, and cultural significance of the site, enhancing your visit. Hiking and Nature Walks The resort is surrounded by beautiful natural landscapes, including mountains, forests, and rivers. Visitors can enjoy hiking and nature walks along the well-maintained trails, offering stunning views and a chance to appreciate the area's natural beauty. Local Cuisine While in ChengDe, be sure to sample the local cuisine. The region is known for its unique dishes, such as ChengDe roasted lamb, Manchu-style hotpot, and various traditional snacks. Local restaurants and food stalls offer a taste of authentic HeBei flavors. Accommodation ChengDe offers a range of accommodation options, from luxury hotels to budget-friendly guesthouses. Staying in a local hotel provides convenient access to the resort and other attractions in the area. Many hotels offer traditional Chinese decor and modern amenities, ensuring a comfortable and memorable stay. Travel Tips Best Time to Visit: The best time to visit ChengDe is during spring (April to June) and autumn (September to November) when the weather is mild and the scenery is at its best. Getting There: ChengDe is accessible by train or bus from Beijing. The high-speed train from Beijing to ChengDe takes approximately 2 hours. Local transportation options include taxis and buses. Opening Hours: The ChengDe Mountain Resort is open daily from 8:00 AM to 5:00 PM. The surrounding temples have similar opening hours. Entrance Fees: There is an entrance fee for the ChengDe Mountain Resort and additional fees for visiting the surrounding temples. Combo tickets are available for multiple attractions. Dress Comfortably: Wear comfortable walking shoes and dress in layers, as the weather can change quickly, especially in the mountainous areas. Respect Local Customs: When visiting temples and historical sites, be respectful of local customs and traditions. Always ask for permission before taking photos of people.

With Silberventures ...

春暖花开，来上一锅享誉巴蜀的盐排骨可好？ ZiQi wrote the following when she released this video on Chinese social media on father's day 2016 : I don't have a signature dish. I just heard from grandma that you liked it. I don't remember your face, but there's always a silhouette in my head, and I know that it's you. It hasn't been easy without you by my side. It's been twenty two years. I really miss you. Her father passed away when she was a young child. The background song is by an artist named 薛之谦 and is called 我好像在哪见过你 - I think I have met you somewhere ...

With seiwoo ...

With Through The Eyes Of and Scott Ritter ...

The Hakka Tulou are unique, fortress-like buildings located in the mountainous areas of Fujian Province. These large, circular or rectangular earthen structures were built by the Hakka people, an ethnic group known for their migratory history. The Tulou are notable for their communal living spaces, defensive features, and remarkable architectural design. Who are the Hakka People? The Hakka are a subgroup of the Han Chinese, known for their migratory history and resilience. Originating from northern China, the Hakka migrated southwards over several centuries, settling in the mountainous regions of southern China. The name "Hakka" means "guest people," reflecting their history of migration and settlement in new areas. Hakka culture places a strong emphasis on education, family unity, and community cooperation. Despite facing hardships and displacement, the Hakka have maintained their unique cultural identity and traditions. Historical and Cultural Background Origins and History The construction of Tulou began during the Song Dynasty (960-1279) and continued through the Ming (1368-1644) and Qing (1644-1912) Dynasties. These buildings were designed to provide protection and communal living for large families or clans, often housing up to 80 families in a single Tulou. Cultural Significance The Tulou reflect the Hakka people's need for security and their communal lifestyle. The buildings are designed to be self-sufficient, with living quarters, storage areas, and defensive structures all incorporated into the design. The Hakka culture values family unity, and the Tulou are a physical manifestation of this principle. Architectural Features Design and Structure Tulou are typically large, multi-storied structures built with thick earthen walls that provide insulation and protection. The outer walls are made from rammed earth, mixed with stone, bamboo, and wood, making them extremely durable. The interiors are organized around a central courtyard, with rooms for living, storage, and communal activities. Defensive Capabilities The design of the Tulou includes defensive features such as narrow windows and a single, reinforced entrance. These elements were intended to protect the inhabitants from bandits and wild animals. The circular shape of many Tulou also allows for effective communication and defense within the building. Communal and Social Aspects Living Arrangements The Tulou were built to house entire clans, with each family having its own designated area within the structure. The central courtyard served as a communal space for social activities, celebrations, and meetings. This layout fostered a strong sense of community and cooperation among the inhabitants. Self-Sufficiency The Tulou were designed to be self-sufficient, with areas designated for food storage, livestock, and agricultural activities. This self-sufficiency was essential, as the Tulou were often located in remote, mountainous areas where resources needed to be carefully managed. UNESCO World Heritage Status Recognition In 2008, several Fujian Tulou were inscribed as UNESCO World Heritage Sites. This recognition highlights their architectural uniqueness, cultural significance, and historical importance. The Tulou are considered outstanding examples of communal living and defensive architecture. Conservation Efforts Efforts to preserve the Tulou focus on maintaining the traditional construction techniques and protecting the buildings from modern threats such as tourism pressure and environmental degradation. These efforts aim to ensure that the Tulou remain a living part of Hakka culture. Conclusion The Hakka Tulou are extraordinary structures that embody the resilience, ingenuity, and communal spirit of the Hakka people. These architectural marvels continue to stand as a testament to the Hakka's ability to adapt and thrive in challenging environments. As both historical treasures and vibrant communities, the Tulou attract visitors from around the world, offering a glimpse into a unique way of life. With How To Do? In China ...