A taste of China at home : basic essentialsEssential Chinese Sauces, Spices and Oils for your kitchen cupboard:
- Soy Sauce (酱油, Jiàngyóu): Soy sauce is perhaps the most essential condiment in Chinese cooking. It adds saltiness, depth, and umami flavor to dishes. There are different varieties of soy sauce, including light soy sauce (生抽, Shēngchōu) and dark soy sauce (老抽, Lǎochōu), each with its own flavor profile and usage.
- Oyster Sauce (蚝油, Háoyóu): Oyster sauce is a thick, savory sauce made from oyster extracts, soy sauce, sugar, and other seasonings. It has a rich, umami flavor and is commonly used as a seasoning and flavor enhancer in stir-fries, marinades, and dipping sauces.
- Sesame Oil (麻油, Máyóu): Sesame oil is a fragrant oil made from toasted sesame seeds. It has a nutty flavor and adds depth and aroma to dishes. Sesame oil is often used as a finishing oil, added at the end of cooking for its distinct flavor. It is commonly used in stir-fries, marinades, dressings, and dipping sauces. Try the toasted version.
- Rice Vinegar (米醋, Mǐcù): Rice vinegar is a mild, slightly sweet vinegar made from fermented rice. It adds acidity and brightness to dishes and is commonly used in marinades, dressings, dipping sauces, and pickling.
- Chili Bean Paste (豆瓣酱, Dòubànjiàng): Chili bean paste, also known as doubanjiang or Toban Djan, is a spicy and savory paste made from fermented broad beans, chili peppers, and soybeans. It has a complex flavor with a balance of saltiness, sweetness, and heat. Chili bean paste is a key ingredient in Sichuan cuisine and is used in dishes such as Mapo Tofu and Twice-cooked Pork.
- Shaoxing Wine (绍兴酒, Shàoxīngjiǔ): Shaoxing wine is a type of Chinese rice wine made from fermented glutinous rice. It adds depth of flavor and aroma to dishes and is commonly used in marinades, braises, and stir-fries. Shaoxing wine is a staple ingredient in Chinese cuisine and is often referred to as the "cooking wine" in Chinese recipes.
- Chili Oil (辣椒油, Làjiāoyóu): Chili oil is a spicy and aromatic oil made by infusing hot oil with dried chili peppers and other aromatics. It adds heat and flavor to dishes and is commonly used as a condiment in noodle soups, stir-fries, dumplings, and dipping sauces.
- Hoisin Sauce (海鲜酱, Hǎixiānjiàng): Hoisin sauce is a thick, sweet and savory sauce made from soybeans, sugar, vinegar, garlic, and various spices. It has a complex flavor with notes of sweetness, saltiness, and umami. Hoisin sauce is commonly used as a dipping sauce for spring rolls, a glaze for roasted meats, and a flavoring agent in stir-fries and marinades.
- Five-Spice Powder (五香粉, Wǔxiāngfěn): Five-spice powder is a blend of ground spices commonly used in Chinese cuisine. It typically includes star anise, cloves, Chinese cinnamon (cassia), Sichuan peppercorns, and fennel seeds. Five-spice powder adds a warm, aromatic flavor to dishes and is often used in marinades, rubs, braises, and stir-fries.
These essential Chinese sauces, spices, and oils add depth, flavor, and complexity to a wide range of Chinese dishes. Experimenting with these ingredients can help you create authentic and delicious Chinese cuisine at home!
We have recipes for Chili Oil and HoiSin Sauce but by all means try those from your Chinese supermarket first.
Chinese cuisine is an intricate tapestry of flavors, techniques, and regional specialties that has evolved over thousands of years. From the fiery spices of Sichuan to the delicate dim sum of Cantonese cuisine, every region of China offers its own culinary delights. For visitors to China, exploring the diverse and dynamic world of Chinese food is an essential part of experiencing the country's rich cultural heritage. Here's a more extensive exploration of Chinese cuisine for visitors:
Regional Diversity:
Sichuan Cuisine: Hailing from the southwestern province of Sichuan, this cuisine is famed for its bold, spicy, and numbing flavors. Sichuan peppercorns, chili peppers, and aromatic spices are used liberally in dishes like Mapo Tofu, Dan Dan Noodles, and Sichuan Hot Pot, creating a symphony of flavors that tingles the taste buds.
Cantonese Cuisine: With its emphasis on fresh ingredients and delicate flavors, Cantonese cuisine is highly regarded for its seafood dishes, roasted meats, and dim sum. Steamed fish, Char Siu (barbecue pork), and Har Gow (shrimp dumplings) are just a few examples of the exquisite dishes that showcase Cantonese culinary mastery.
Shanghai Cuisine: Reflecting its coastal location and cosmopolitan history, Shanghai cuisine combines influences from Jiangsu, Zhejiang, and Anhui provinces. Sweet and Sour Mandarin Fish, Shanghai Soup Dumplings (Xiaolongbao), and Drunken Chicken are some of the signature dishes that highlight the diverse flavors and textures of this culinary tradition.
Beijing Cuisine: As the capital of China, Beijing boasts a rich culinary heritage deeply rooted in imperial traditions. Peking Duck, a dish with crispy skin and succulent meat served with pancakes and hoisin sauce, is a quintessential Beijing delicacy. Other notable dishes include Zhajiangmian (Beijing Noodles), Mongolian Hot Pot, and Beijing-style meat pies.
Hunan Cuisine: Known for its bold and aromatic flavors, Hunan cuisine features dishes that are spicy, sour, and intensely flavorful. Chairman Mao's Red-Braised Pork, Dong'an Chicken, and Steamed Fish Head with Chopped Chili exemplify the fiery and robust nature of Hunanese cooking, which makes ample use of chili peppers, garlic, and fermented ingredients.
Street Food and Snacks:
Jianbing: This savory Chinese crepe is a popular breakfast option, consisting of a thin pancake filled with eggs, scallions, cilantro, and various fillings such as crispy fried dough, pickled vegetables, or chili sauce.
Baozi: These steamed buns are filled with a variety of savory or sweet fillings, including pork, vegetables, or red bean paste. Baozi are a popular street food snack and can be found in teahouses, markets, and street stalls across China.
Roujiamo: Often referred to as Chinese Hamburgers, roujiamo features savory braised meat stuffed inside a flatbread, offering a hearty and flavorful snack that's perfect for on-the-go eating.
Dining Etiquette and Customs:
Family-Style Dining: Chinese meals are typically served family-style, with multiple dishes shared among diners seated around a table. It's customary to use chopsticks to pick up food from communal dishes and to serve elders before oneself.
Toasting and Ganbei: When dining with Chinese hosts, expect toasts (ganbei) with alcohol, usually baijiu (Chinese liquor). It's polite to reciprocate the toast and drink in moderation, but declining politely is acceptable if you don't drink alcohol.
Tea Culture: Tea is an integral part of Chinese dining culture, with a wide variety of teas available to complement different dishes. Green tea, oolong tea, and pu'er tea are among the most popular choices, and serving tea to guests is a sign of hospitality and respect.
Street Markets and Night Markets:
Wangfujing Snack Street, Beijing: Located near the Forbidden City, this bustling street market offers a wide variety of traditional snacks, street food, and local delicacies. Visitors can sample everything from scorpions on a stick to traditional Beijing snacks like Jianbing and Tanghulu (candied fruit skewers).
Shanghai Old Street, Shanghai: Nestled in the heart of the city's historic district, Shanghai Old Street is a bustling marketplace where visitors can explore narrow alleyways lined with traditional shops, street vendors, and food stalls. From steamed dumplings and stinky tofu to hand-pulled noodles and sugar-coated haws, there's something to satisfy every craving.
Dietary Considerations:
Vegetarian and Vegan Options: While Chinese cuisine traditionally features a wide range of meats and animal products, vegetarian and vegan options are becoming increasingly available, especially in larger cities and tourist destinations. Buddhist restaurants (????, ssh c?nt?ng) often offer meat-free versions of classic dishes, and plant-based ingredients like tofu, mushrooms, and seasonal vegetables are widely used in Chinese cooking.
Exploring the diverse and delicious world of Chinese cuisine is an essential part of any visit to China. From regional specialties and street food snacks to dining etiquette and cultural customs, the culinary landscape of China offers a rich tapestry of flavors, traditions, and experiences that are sure to delight and inspire visitors from around the world. Bon apptit!.
